Photo: Smithsonian Institution, Public domain — Source
Austrian-Swedish physicist who provided the first theoretical explanation of nuclear fission in 1939, working with her nephew Otto Frisch. She had collaborated with chemist Otto Hahn for three decades in Berlin before fleeing Nazi Germany in 1938 due to her Jewish heritage. Hahn received the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery alone, in what is widely regarded as one of the most egregious Nobel omissions. Element 109, meitnerium, is named in her honor. Einstein called her 'the German Marie Curie,' though she was Austrian.
Source: Atomic Heritage Foundation