Photo: University of Bristol, CC BY-SA 2.0 — Source
British chemist who advanced X-ray crystallography to determine the three-dimensional structures of important biochemical molecules including penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin. She received the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, becoming only the third woman to win the prize. Her structural work on insulin took 35 years to complete and was foundational for understanding how the hormone functions. Despite severe rheumatoid arthritis that progressively deformed her hands, she continued her research and mentored generations of scientists. She was also a committed peace activist.
Source: Nobel Prize